A permanent visa for points-tested workers nominated by an Australian state or territory — often a faster route than 189.
The subclass 190 works like the 189 — points-tested, permanent, independent of any employer — but with one key difference: you need nomination from an Australian state or territory government. In exchange, you receive bonus points on the points test, which often makes an invitation realistic at a lower base score than 189 requires.
190 requires state or territory nomination; 189 requires no sponsor. In exchange, 190 applicants get bonus points, often making an invitation achievable at a lower base score.
Generally yes — states expect you to live and work there for a period after arrival. Check the specific commitment required.
Rules vary by state. Each also runs its own occupation list, so eligibility for one doesn't guarantee eligibility for another.